Hugh Gorman, Ph.D., is associate professor of environmental policy and history at Michigan Technological University. He studies the interaction of policy, technology, andthe environment, and is especially interested in the process by which complex technological systems come to be made more compatible with natural systems and human uses of the environment. He is the author of Redefining Efficiency: Pollution Concerns, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Technological Change in the U.S. Petroleum Industry. .

Kathleen E. Halvorsen, Ph.D., is a faculty member in the social sciences department at the Michigan Technological University School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science where she oversees the graduate program in environmental policy.

Reprinted with Permission from http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/