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NOVALYNX CORPORATION

Weather Stations
Weather Instruments
Anemometers



Weather Monitoring Instruments: Weather Stations, Rain Gauges, Barometric Pressure Sensors, Anemometers and Wind Sensors


NovaLynx is an industry leader in the design, fabrication, and integration of meteorological systems. Using the best possible combination of meteorological sensors, signal conditioning, and data acquisition technologies, we can build a custom weather station to meet your exact requirements. We specialize in rugged equipment, suitable for industrial applications, that provides the accuracy required by scientific researchers and weather professionals.

WEATHER STATIONS

The term standard fire-weather station refers primarily to a permanent, manually operated station. Such stations are part of a network maintained for purposes of routine fire danger rating and fire weather forecasting. Many of these stations also serve as National Weather Service climatological stations.

The 200-455 Totalizing Anemometer with Continuous Counting and 10-Minute Totalizer provides a record of the total horizontal wind movement past a fixed point, measured to the nearest 0.1 mile. The unit may be run in either continuous or 10-minute mode. The 10-minute mode automatically logs the wind run distance for a period of ten minutes and then shuts down. The results of a logging event are displayed to the nearest tenth of a mile on the liquid crystal display until the operator resets the counter to zero. The system includes an anemometer with 40' cable and a control module which digitally displays the total wind run distance.

The 225-564 Fan Psychrometer is used to determine dew point and relative humidity. It consists of 9.5 inch dry and wet bulb thermometers mounted on a common back, water bottle, fan, motor, and 6-volt battery. It is easier to read and provides more consistent results than a conventional sling psychrometer. The components are mounted on a wooden base. The bulb of the lower thermometer is covered with a close fitting tubular muslin wick. When the fan is turned on for a period of 2-3 minutes, water is evaporated from the wick-covered thermometer. The wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures are then recorded and the humidity is determined using the provided chart or a psychrometric slide rule.

The 210-4420 Series Min-Max Thermometer Sets, made to U.S. National Weather Service specifications, consist of a Townsend support (a weatherproof metal stand and base with two adjustable thermometer holders attached to rotatable metal posts), a minimum indicating thermometer and a maximum indicating thermometer, each secured to a stainless steel metal plate. The alcohol filled minimum thermometer is 10-1/2" long with graduations and numerals etched in the glass. It has a long, thin, dark colored float, held in tension in the capillary, which moves down towards the bulb with lowering temperatures. When the air temperature warms, the alcohol rises past the float, which remains fixed at the minimum temperature. The mercury filled maximum thermometer is also an etched stem type, 10-1/2" long. It has a constricted capillary just above the bulb which prevents the mercury from flowing back with lowering temperatures. It remains fixed at the warmest temperature to which it has been exposed.

The 190-200 Series Tripod Towers provided by NovaLynx are constructed of steel tubing for durability and strength. Five foot and ten foot heights are available. Horizontal bracing is a feature of the tripod towers. Foot brackets can be bolted onto concrete foundations or onto wooden platforms for either permanent or temporary installation. Sensors may be clamped directly onto the tower legs or elevated above the tower using insertable masts. For stability, both tripod towers require that the mast be inserted into the two collar clamps. Guy kits are recommended for areas with high winds and for masts that extend above the tower by ten feet. Locations exposed to lightning require a grounding kit.

The 260-2510 Rain and Snow Gauge is an all aluminum gauge with a total capacity of 20 inches of rainfall. The upper portion of the funnel is cylindrical in shape and is turned to a sharp edge. Rainwater falling into the funnel is delivered into the receiver. The ratio is 10 to 1, so that one inch of rainfall delivers ten inches of water to the receiver. The gauge can be read to 0.01 inch. The capacity of the receiver is two inches of rainfall. Any excess overflows into the outer chamber where it can be measured after the quantity in the receiver has been measured and removed. When used as a snow gauge, the receiver and funnel are removed and the snowfall is measured directly. A black lamacoid measuring stick with both English and metric markings is included.

The 260-2520 Forestry Rain Gauge includes a removable funnel, a calibrated measuring tube, a dipstick graduated to 0.01 inch, and an overflow can. The measuring tube holds exactly 0.5 inch; total gauge capacity is 7 inches. Snow can be collected by the overflow can and melted for measurement with the measuring tube and dipstick.

Instrument shelters protect sensors and other instruments against errors and damage due to solar radiation, wind, and precipitation. The 380-602 Medium Instrument Shelter can house the 225-564 Fan Psychrometer, the control module and battery for the 200-455 Totalizing Anemometer, and still have room to mount a min-max thermometer if desired. It is constructed of white-painted wood and has a double roof to guard against solar radiation heating. Louvered sides and holes in the bottom promote natural air circulation. Optional wood legs are available. The shelter is shipped partially assembled, but can be assembled in approximately 30 minutes.

The 380-605 Large Instrument Shelter is built to National Weather Service standards. It is sometimes called a Cotton Region Shelter. The enclosure is large enough to house several recording instruments, such as hygrothermographs. Thermometers and sensor probes can be mounted on a board which spans the inside of the box. The shelter is constructed of clear pine and painted with three coats of white latex paint. It has louvers on all four sides and vents in the bottom to provide natural ventilation while excluding solar radiation and precipitation, allowing ambient conditions to exist inside. A double roof provides added protection against direct solar radiation. A lock and key are included for security. Optional wood or metal legs are available. Legs should be anchored to prevent overturning of the shelter in high winds.


Standard Weather Fire Stations


Weather Fire Stations Control Module


Model 225-564 Fan Psychrometer


380-605 Large Instrument Shelter

NovaLynx presents the following weather instruments:

  • 260-2510 Standard Rain Gauge
  • 230-600 Barometric Pressure Sensor PCB

MODEL 260-2510 STANDARD RAIN AND SNOW GAUGE

NovaLynx Corporation manufactures a National Weather Service style Standard Rain and Snow Gauge, Model 260- 510. The NovaLynx gauge differs from an actual NWS gauge in some of the design features and materials used. The Model 260-2510 Standard Rain and Snow Gauge is an all aluminum rain gauge with a total capacity of 20" of rainfall. The upper portion of the funnel is cylindrical in shape and is turned to a sharp edge. Rainwater falling into the funnel is delivered into the receiver. The ratio is 10 to 1, so that 1" of rainfall delivers 10" of water to the receiver. The capacity of the receiver is 2" of rainfall. Any excess overflows into the outer chamber so it can be measured after the quantity in the receiver has been recorded and removed. The gauge can be read to 0.01".

Rain is collected by the gauge's eight-inch diameter funnel and is directed into the measuring tube. The diameters of the funnel and measuring tube and the capacity of the tube have been set to give a maximum of two inches of rainfall before the tube overflows into the larger measuring can. The measuring can also acts as the body of the rain gauge.

Water collected by the inner collection tube is easily measured by using the measuring stick as a dip stick. The amount of rainfall collected is read directly from the measuring stick scale.

Whenever rainfall overflows into the measuring can, the reading is more involved. Water is poured from the measuring can into the smaller measuring tube and the reading is then made using the measuring stick. This process is repeated until all of the water inside the large tube has been measured. Care must be used to avoid any loss of the water during the pouring process.

When used as a snow gauge, the receiver and funnel are removed. Snowfall is collected in the overflow can and melted for measurement with the receiver and dipstick. Snow is collected using the measuring can tube only. After each snow storm, the snow is melted and then measured as if it were overflow rain water.

A black plexiglass measuring stick with both English and metric markings is included. An optional tripod support is available. Resolution of the measuring stick is 0.01 inches and 0.25 millimeters. The measuring stick is Model 260-2510MS A galvanized steel stand is available for mounting the rain gauge off the ground. The stand is also manufactured by NovaLynx and is Model 260-2510S.

Specifications:

  • Orifice: 8" (200 mm)
  • Capacity: 20" (500 mm)
  • Resolution: 0.01" (0.25 mm)
  • Material: Aluminum
  • Finish: White powdercoat, anodized funnel
  • Size: 8" Dia x 27" H (210 mm x 686 mm)
  • Weight/shipping (gauge only): 7 lbs/8 lbs (3.2 kg/3.6 kg)
  • Weight/shipping (tripod support): 8 lbs/10 lbs (3.6 kg/4.5 kg)

MODEL 230-600 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR PCB

The 230-600 Series Barometric Pressure Sensors offer unparalleled performance and flexibility for atmospheric pressure measurement. The barometer is available in two configurations to satisfy a variety of applications; Model 230-600C provides a 4-20 mA current output, 230-600V provides 0-5 Vdc output. Both models offer serial output in addition to the analog signal.

When ordered with a NovaLynx data logger, the barometer can be mounted inside the data logger enclosure. For other applications, the 230-601 series consists of the same 230-600 PCB mounted inside a weather tight polycarbonate enclosure and includes 25' of output signal cable. Cable connections are inside. Mounting hardware is available for easy attachment to towers and masts.

The NovaLynx Corporation Model 230-600 Barometric Pressure Sensor is an integrated sensor and signal conditioning package with all of the components located on a single board. As a "stand-alone" barometer, the circuit board may be installed into a NEMA enclosure for either indoor or outdoor installation. When the barometric pressure sensor board is furnished as part of a larger system, the board is often installed into a larger enclosure with other instruments. The model number for the NEMA version of the barometer is 230-601.

The 230-600 is a versatile electronic barometer featuring high accuracy, low power, wide operating temperature range, and calibrated outputs in several formats. Low power consumption and wide temperature range make the 230-600 ideal for remote applications using battery or solar power. Accuracy better than ± 0.5 mb is maintained over the entire pressure and temperature ranges. All models include full duplex RS232 and half duplex RS485 serial connections. Model 230-600C is configured for 4-20mA output. Model 230-600V is configured for 0-5 Vdc output. The standard pressure scale for analog outputs spans 600 to 1100 mb. A narrower range may be selected via software menu. Serial outputs run in continuous or polled modes. In polled mode, a network of up to 32 sensors may be individually addressed.

Specifications:

  • Operating range: 600-1100 mb (17.7-32.5 inHg) Standard Factory Default. Other pressure ranges within the 600 to 1100 mb span may be selected via software commands but the full scale output signal range will always be the same, 0-5000mV.
  • Output signal: 4-20 mA (230-600C) 0-5 Vdc (230-600V), Serial RS232/RS485 9600 baud
  • Operating temperature: -50/ to +60/C
  • Accuracy: ± 0.3 mb (.01 inHg) @ 20/C, ± 0.5 mb (.015 inHg) over temperature range
  • Power requirement: 7 to 30 Vdc at 30 mA (230-600C), 7 to 30 Vdc at 10 mA (230-600V)
  • Dimensions: PCB 3.75" x 2.25" & Enclosure 4.7" x 4.7" x 2.25"
  • Weight/Shipping: PCB only .25 lb/1 lb & PCB in enclosure 1.25 lbs/2 lbs
  • Other Sea-level offset


MODEL 260-2510 Rain and Snow Gauge


230-600 Barometric Pressure Sensor PCB


230-600 Barometric Pressure Sensor PCB with Enclosure

NovaLynx presents the following wind sensors and anemometers:

  • 200-WS-02 Anemometer & Vane
  • 200-WS-23 Current Loop Wind Sensor

200-WS-02 ANEMOMETER & VANE

This series of WeatherPort Wind Sensors are moderately priced quality transducers designed for general application. A combination of injection molded thermoplastic, anodized aluminum, and stainless steel parts contribute to reliable operation in adverse environments.

These sensors are easy and inexpensive to maintain. The combination three cup anemometer and wind vane units utilize an in-line configuration, eliminating the need for a crossarm.

The anemometers produce a series of output pulses having a frequency directly proportional to wind speed. Wind direction is measured by a balanced vane coupled to a 20k ohm conductive plastic potentiometer. With a constant excitation voltage of less than 15 volts, the output from the wiper arm is proportional to the wind azimuth angle.

The 200-WS-02E Wind Sensor assembly consists of two major parts: an anemometer for measuring wind speed and a wind vane for measuring horizontal wind direction. The complete sensor assembly has been designed with the wind vane mounted on top of the anemometer for stability and ease of signal transmission. Output signal transmission is accomplished through a five-conductor, twenty-four gauge, shielded cable.

Anemometer

The anemometer uses a three-cup and hub assembly to sense wind velocity. As the wind blows past the cups, the pressure of the wind against the insides of the cups causes them to rotate. There are three permanent magnets embedded in the hub that holds the cups. Each magnet, as it rotates past a fixed point on the sensor base, activates a magnetic reed switch mounted in the base. Three closures of the reed switch will be produced for each revolution of the cup assembly. The contacts of the magnetic reed switch capsule are normally open; the contact will close each time a magnet passes over it. The ratio of closed-to-open time is nominally 1/10 of the total period for a revolution of the wind cups. This duty cycle may change slightly as the sensor ages and with exposure to temperature extremes.

The anemometer is rated for wind speeds up to 125 miles per hour and has a starting threshold of approximately 1 mile per hour. The magnetic reed switch capsule is rated to carry a maximum current of 10.0 milliamperes with an applied voltage of no more than 50 volts AC or DC. The approximate speed constant for the anemometer is 1.25 mph/Hz.

Wind Vane

The wind vane is coupled to a 20K ohm, ±20%, single turn potentiometer. The linearity of the potentiometer is ±1%. Maximum power dissipation should be limited to 1/4 watt. Resolution is infinite over potentiometer's 355 degree arc. There is a gap ("dead band") of approximately 5 degrees between the ends of the resistive media. As the wind blows 2 past the vane, the design of the counter-weight and the tail fin align the point of the counter-weight into the wind. Fluctuations in the wind direction are measured by the sensor as the aerodynamics of the counter-weight and the tail try to keep aligned to the path of the wind. The motion of the wind vane is translated to the potentiometer shaft causing a change in the potentiometer's resistance. Connecting the potentiometer wires to a voltage source allows easy measurement of the wind direction as a change in voltage.

200-WS-23 CURRENT LOOP WIND SENSOR

The 200-WS-23 Current Loop Wind Sensor monitors wind speed and direction. The electronics converts the raw signals from the wind sensors to proportional 4 to 20 mA current loop values for use by process control or monitoring systems. It acts like a variable resistance that draws 4-20 mA when powered with 8 to 30 Vdc. No external power is required because the encoding electronics for wind speed and for wind direction are isolated and powered from their respective 2-wire current loops.

Two versions are offered. The 200-WS-23 measures both wind speed and direction, while the 200-WS-23S measures wind speed only. Both systems consist of two subassemblies, a wind sensor and a signal conditioning electronics package in a NEMA housing. Although it has only one PC board, it contains two completely independent circuits, one for wind speed and one for wind direction.

The NovaLynx Model 200-WS-23 Current Loop Wind Sensor measures wind speed and direction and convert each measurement into a 4-20 mA output signal for use by process controls or monitoring systems. External power is not required since the encoding electronics for wind speed and for wind direction are isolated and powered from their respective 2-wire current loops. The 200-WS-23 measures both wind speed and direction, and contain two subassemblies; the wind sensor and the signal conditioning electronics assembly.

The WS-23S uses the 200-WS-01B Wind Speed Sensor, which consists of anemometer without the wind vane. The sensor is ruggedly constructed using UV-resistant ABS plastic and anodized aluminum parts. The cable connecting the pole-mounted wind sensor to the encoder electronics package is typically 40 feet in length but may be extended for a total length of 250 feet. The encoded current loop signals are capable of being transmitted over distances of up to several miles. The electronics package is supplied inside a gasketed NEMA enclosure.

Wind Sensor

The wind sensor is the rotating assembly with the three cup anemometer and wind vane for measuring wind speed and wind direction. The wind vane is mounted onto a common axis with the anemometer and includes a tail fin with a nose weight that provides balance. The wind vane is coupled to an angular encoder that is housed within the sensor's cylindrical weather skirt.

Encoder

The encoder electronics package is housed within a gasketed NEMA enclosure. The circuitry contains two independent 4-20 mA data channels, one for wind speed and one for wind direction. Each channel receives its power from its respective 2-wire measurement loop.


200-WS-02 Anemometer and Vane


Wind Speed and Wind Direction Sensors on Crossarm


Electronics Package in NEMA Enclosure
 

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