CSD offers cutting-edge consulting services during both the site investigation and design phases of ORC® and HRC® enhanced in-situ bioremediation projects. CSD will recommend the appropriate sampling and analysis required to demonstrate the effectiveness of in-situ bioremediation in soil types ranging from sands and gravel to silts and clays.
ORC® and HRC® Enhanced Natural Attenuation (Bioremediation)
CSD has developed innovative risk-based design aids for ORC® and HRC® application which prevent the typical contaminant ``rebound`` phenomenon experienced so often in fine-grained soils when using other design software. CSD's software employs principles of consecutive reactions, rate-limited desorption, equilibrium partitioning and enzyme-catalyzed microbial reactions to estimate the minimum quantity of ORC® / HRC® and the minimum number of applications required to reach applicable groundwater quality standards.
CSD allowed Regenesis to review portions of our design software during the development of their third-generation design software. The software currently provided by Regenesis also incorporates some of the same principles used by CSD to prevent contaminant rebound. However, many design approaches do not incorporate the use of risk-based objectives, which typically greatly affects the overall cost of remediation. Through the use of our risk based design aids, CSD can reach applicable clean up objectives while generally reducing the recommended quantity of ORC®, often by more than 50%.
Using some typical contaminant concentrations and physical properties for a fine grained aquifer, other design estimates recommend that 10,800 lbs of ORC® would be required to remediate a specific hypothetical contaminant plume. Using identical model parameters, and CSD’s risk-based bio-optimization model, the total estimated quantity of ORC® required to reach applicable clean-up objectives is 5,460 lbs.
Design Aids for Quantification of Multiple Extraneous Oxygen Sinks
Using CSD’s design aids, multiple treatment zones of varying contaminant concentrations and physical properties can be quickly evaluated in order to determine the optimum ORC® / HRC® application strategy. CSD's software is also flexible in that it allows for quantification of multiple extraneous oxygen sinks and macro-nutrient availability, as well as evaluating the effects of nutrient addition. (Extraneous oxygen sink analysis was omitted from the above illustration in order to provide a direct comparison with other software.)
CSD also provides both vertical and horizontal pressurized ORC® / HRC® slurry injection through our affiliated company, Heartland Drilling & Remediation Services, Inc.
