Full Line of Activated Carbon
CARBOCHEM is a privately held, U.S. Corporation based in Philadelphia. The business was established in 1981 to market industrial chemicals around the world with special emphasis on Activated Carbon. Carbochem produces a full line of activated carbon with ANSI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 certification. The activated carbon products are based on bituminous coal, coconut shells and wood and are available in granular, powder and extruded forms. Carbochem has developed proprietary grades of activated carbon for PSA applications, decolorizing, solvent recovery and the removal of taste & odor, Geosmin, MIB, MTBE and hydrocarbons. Carbochem ® activated carbons are designed with a high surface area and wide range of pore size distribution from micropore to macropore. Major markets include water treatment, food & beverage, catalysts, air purification, pigments and pollution control. Carbochem produces a full line of activated carbon (pellets, granular, & powder) based on coal, wood and coconut shells with special emphasis on water treatment, food & beverage, chemical processing and pollution control. CARBOCHEM® activated carbon has been certified for ASNI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 and satisfies the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex. Carbochem is committed to supplying high quality products with favorable pricing, guaranteeing customer satisfaction and providing technical support for system design. The History of Activated Carbon Activated Carbon was first known to treat water over 2000 years ago. However, it was first produced commercially at the beginning of the 20th century and was only available in powder form. Initially activated carbon was mainly used to decolorize sugar and then from 1930 for water treatment to remove taste and odor. Granular activated carbon was first developed as a consequence of WWI for gas masks and has been used subsequently for water treatment, solvent recovery and air purification. The unique structure of activated carbon produces a very large surface area: 1 lb of granular activated carbon typically provides a surface area of 125 acres (1 Kg =1,000,000 sq. m.). Activated carbon can be produced from a variety of carbonaceous raw material, the primary ones being bituminous coal, coconut shells, wood and lignite. The intrinsic properties of the activated carbon are dependent on the raw material source. The activated carbon surface is non-polar which results in an affinity for non-polar adsorbates such as organics. Adsorption is a surface phenomenom in which an adsorbate is held onto the surface of the activated carbon by Van der Waal`s forces and saturation is represented by an equilibrium point. These forces are physical in nature, which means that the process is reversible (using heat, pressure, etc.) Activated carbon is also capable of chemisorption, whereby a chemical reaction occurs at the carbon interface, changing the state of the adsorbate (dechlorination is an example of a chemisorption process).
CARBOCHEM is a privately held, U.S. Corporation based in Philadelphia. The business was established in 1981 to market industrial chemicals around the world with special emphasis on Activated Carbon.
Carbochem produces a full line of activated carbon with ANSI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 certification. The activated carbon products are based on bituminous coal, coconut shells and wood and are available in granular, powder and extruded forms.
Carbochem has developed proprietary grades of activated carbon for PSA applications, decolorizing, solvent recovery and the removal of taste & odor, Geosmin, MIB, MTBE and hydrocarbons.
Carbochem ® activated carbons are designed with a high surface area and wide range of pore size distribution from micropore to macropore. Major markets include water treatment, food & beverage, catalysts, air purification, pigments and pollution control.
Carbochem produces a full line of activated carbon (pellets, granular, & powder) based on coal, wood and coconut shells with special emphasis on water treatment, food & beverage, chemical processing and pollution control. CARBOCHEM® activated carbon has been certified for ASNI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 and satisfies the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex. Carbochem is committed to supplying high quality products with favorable pricing, guaranteeing customer satisfaction and providing technical support for system design.
Activated Carbon was first known to treat water over 2000 years ago. However, it was first produced commercially at the beginning of the 20th century and was only available in powder form. Initially activated carbon was mainly used to decolorize sugar and then from 1930 for water treatment to remove taste and odor. Granular activated carbon was first developed as a consequence of WWI for gas masks and has been used subsequently for water treatment, solvent recovery and air purification. The unique structure of activated carbon produces a very large surface area: 1 lb of granular activated carbon typically provides a surface area of 125 acres (1 Kg =1,000,000 sq. m.). Activated carbon can be produced from a variety of carbonaceous raw material, the primary ones being bituminous coal, coconut shells, wood and lignite. The intrinsic properties of the activated carbon are dependent on the raw material source. The activated carbon surface is non-polar which results in an affinity for non-polar adsorbates such as organics. Adsorption is a surface phenomenom in which an adsorbate is held onto the surface of the activated carbon by Van der Waal`s forces and saturation is represented by an equilibrium point. These forces are physical in nature, which means that the process is reversible (using heat, pressure, etc.) Activated carbon is also capable of chemisorption, whereby a chemical reaction occurs at the carbon interface, changing the state of the adsorbate (dechlorination is an example of a chemisorption process).
Activated Carbon Adsorption Capacity Parameters and Properties
Adsorption Parameters of Activated Carbon Capacity vs. Kinetics (Rate): (a) Capacity parameters determine loading characteristics of activated carbon. Maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon is only achieved at equilibrium.(b) Kinetic parameters only determine the rate of adsorption and have negligible affect on adsorption capacity. Surface Area: Adsorption capacity is proportional to surface area (determined by degree of activation). Pore Size: Correct pore size distribution is necessary to facilitate the adsorption process by providing adsorption sites and the appropriate channels to transport the adsorbate. Particle Size: Smaller particles provide quicker rates of adsorption. Note: Total surface area is determined by degree of activation and pore structure and not particle size. Temperature: Lower temperatures increase adsorption capacity except in the case of viscous liquids. Concentration of Adsorbate: Adsorption capacity is proportional to concentration of adsorbate. pH: Adsorption capacity increases under pH conditions, which decrease the solubility of the adsorbate (normally lower pH). Contact Time: Sufficient contact time is required to reach adsorption equilibrium and to maximize adsorption efficiency. Activated Carbon Properties CARBOCHEM produces a full line of activated carbon (pellets, granular, & powder) based on coal, wood and coconut shells with special emphasis on water treatment, food & beverage, chemical processing and pollution control. CARBOCHEM® carbon has been certified for ASNI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 and satisfies the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex. Iodine Number most fundamental parameter used to characterize activated carbon performance measure of activity level (higher number indicates higher degree of activation) measure of micropore (0 – 20 Å) content equivalent to surface area of activated carbon in sq m/g between 900 – 1100 standard measure for liquid phase applications Methylene Blue measure of mesopore structure (20 – 500 Å) Caramel dp (Molasses No.) measure of macropore structure (>500 Å) important for decolorizing performance Surface Area measure of adsorption capacity (Note: pore size distribution/pore volume is also important to determine ultimate performance) Apparent Density higher density provides greater volume activity and normally indicates better quality activated carbon Particle Size smaller size provides quicker rate of adsorption which reduces the amount of contact time required smaller size results in greater pressure drop Hardness/Abrasion Number Hardness/Abrasion is a measure of activated carbon`s resistance to attrition important indicator of activated carbon to maintain its physical integrity and withstand frictional forces imposed by backwashing etc. Dechlorination half-value length test to measure the dechlorination efficiency of activated carbon depth of activated carbon to reduce influent chlorine level from 5 ppm to 2.5 ppm lower half-value length indicates superior performance Ash Content reduces overall activity of activated carbon reduces efficiency of reactivation metals (Fe2O3) can leach out of activated carbon resulting in discoloration acid/water soluble ash content is more significant than total ash content
Capacity vs. Kinetics (Rate): (a) Capacity parameters determine loading characteristics of activated carbon. Maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon is only achieved at equilibrium.(b) Kinetic parameters only determine the rate of adsorption and have negligible affect on adsorption capacity.
Surface Area: Adsorption capacity is proportional to surface area (determined by degree of activation). Pore Size: Correct pore size distribution is necessary to facilitate the adsorption process by providing adsorption sites and the appropriate channels to transport the adsorbate.
Particle Size: Smaller particles provide quicker rates of adsorption. Note: Total surface area is determined by degree of activation and pore structure and not particle size.
Temperature: Lower temperatures increase adsorption capacity except in the case of viscous liquids.
Concentration of Adsorbate: Adsorption capacity is proportional to concentration of adsorbate.
pH: Adsorption capacity increases under pH conditions, which decrease the solubility of the adsorbate (normally lower pH).
Contact Time: Sufficient contact time is required to reach adsorption equilibrium and to maximize adsorption efficiency.
CARBOCHEM produces a full line of activated carbon (pellets, granular, & powder) based on coal, wood and coconut shells with special emphasis on water treatment, food & beverage, chemical processing and pollution control. CARBOCHEM® carbon has been certified for ASNI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 and satisfies the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex.
Activated Carbon Decolorizing Applications and Ion Exchange Resins
Activated Carbon Decolorizing Properties CARBOCHEM produces a full line of activated carbon (pellets, granular, & powder) based on coal, wood and coconut shells with special emphasis on water treatment, food & beverage, chemical processing and pollution control. CARBOCHEM® activated carbon has been certified for ASNI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 and satisfies the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex. Decolorizing applications involve removal of large molecular compounds which require activated carbon with a well developed macropore structure. The information provided here applies to sugar refining but the same concepts and principles apply to other decolorizing applications. Adsorption Process of Activated Carbon Activated Carbon is non-polar which results in an affinity for non-polar compounds such as organics. These compounds are bound to the surface of the activated carbon by the adsorption process, which utilizes Van der Waal forces. Since adsorption is a surface phenomenon, the adsorption capacity is directly related to the pore structure and surface area of an Activated Carbon and saturation is only achieved under equilibrium conditions. The equilibrium point is determined by parameters such as temperature, pH, concentration and contact time. Particle size only affects the rate of adsorption and has negligible impact on Total surface area, which is determined by the degree of activation and pore structure. It is important to remember that adsorption is not a selective process but will depend on the specific adsorption affinity of each compound which is related to parameters such as molecular size and solubility. Properties of Activated Carbon There is no universal activated carbon which is ideal for every application so it is important to match the properties of the activated carbon with the performance requirements of the process. The primary parameters used in the industry are given as follows with the corresponding indicators: Apparent Density - volume activity Iodine Number - surface area and micropore content Molasses Number/Caramel dp - macropore content (pore > 500 Å) These parameters give an indication of the relative adsorption capacities of different activated carbons and their corresponding service lives for a specific process (even though an activated carbon may have a high surface area it also needs to have the right pore structure to be effective). Activated Carbon with high macropore content will provide the best decolorizing performance. Decolorizing Performance of Activated Carbon Key Parameters: Decolorizing Performance - pore volume Filterability - particle size Color Stability - removal of precursors of degradation by-products Activated Carbon Evaluation Process It is important to establish a well defined Test Protocol so that the operating parameters are the same for each activated carbon being evaluated. Fixed Parameters: Quality of feedstock Temperature Contact time Activated carbon dose rate Particle size of activated carbon pH of color measurement Activated Carbon Selection and Optimization Granular activated carbon vs. powdered activated carbon Dose rate Contact time Particle size of activated carbon Temperature vs. viscosity Carbochem Inc. has been supplying activated carbon to the sugar industry for more than 10 years and has developed the following specialized grades to optimize decolorizing performance: Carbochem® DC-40: granular activated carbon Carbochem® CA-10: powdered activated carbon We welcome any inquiries and the opportunity to discuss your activated carbon requirements. Ion Exchange Resins CARBOCHEM offers a full line of Ion Exchange Resins (cation, anion, mixed bed & selectives) with applicability in household & industrial softening, boiler feedwater, food & beverage, electronics, and wastewater treatment. IonPlus TM ion exchange resins are produced under ISO 9002 certification. Activated Carbon Manufacturer & Chemical Supplier: Industrial Chemicals Cerium Products: Carbonate, Oxide Chrome Oxide Cobalt Products: Carbonate, Oxide, Sulfate Copper Oxide Molybdenum Products: Ammonium Heptamolybdate, Molybdenum Trioxide, Ammonium Dimolybdate Neodymium Oxide Nickel Products: Carbonate, Oxide, Sulfate Niobium Oxide Potassium Nitrate Tin Sulfate Tungsten Products: Ammonium Metatungstate, Sodium Tungstate Titanium Dioxide: Anatase Zirconium Products: Carbonate, Oxychloride, Sulfate
CARBOCHEM produces a full line of activated carbon (pellets, granular, & powder) based on coal, wood and coconut shells with special emphasis on water treatment, food & beverage, chemical processing and pollution control. CARBOCHEM® activated carbon has been certified for ASNI/NSF Standard 61 and ISO 9002 and satisfies the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex.
Decolorizing applications involve removal of large molecular compounds which require activated carbon with a well developed macropore structure. The information provided here applies to sugar refining but the same concepts and principles apply to other decolorizing applications.
Activated Carbon is non-polar which results in an affinity for non-polar compounds such as organics. These compounds are bound to the surface of the activated carbon by the adsorption process, which utilizes Van der Waal forces. Since adsorption is a surface phenomenon, the adsorption capacity is directly related to the pore structure and surface area of an Activated Carbon and saturation is only achieved under equilibrium conditions. The equilibrium point is determined by parameters such as temperature, pH, concentration and contact time. Particle size only affects the rate of adsorption and has negligible impact on Total surface area, which is determined by the degree of activation and pore structure. It is important to remember that adsorption is not a selective process but will depend on the specific adsorption affinity of each compound which is related to parameters such as molecular size and solubility.
There is no universal activated carbon which is ideal for every application so it is important to match the properties of the activated carbon with the performance requirements of the process. The primary parameters used in the industry are given as follows with the corresponding indicators: Apparent Density - volume activity Iodine Number - surface area and micropore content Molasses Number/Caramel dp - macropore content (pore > 500 Å)
These parameters give an indication of the relative adsorption capacities of different activated carbons and their corresponding service lives for a specific process (even though an activated carbon may have a high surface area it also needs to have the right pore structure to be effective). Activated Carbon with high macropore content will provide the best decolorizing performance.
Decolorizing Performance - pore volume Filterability - particle size Color Stability - removal of precursors of degradation by-products
It is important to establish a well defined Test Protocol so that the operating parameters are the same for each activated carbon being evaluated.
Carbochem Inc. has been supplying activated carbon to the sugar industry for more than 10 years and has developed the following specialized grades to optimize decolorizing performance:
We welcome any inquiries and the opportunity to discuss your activated carbon requirements.
CARBOCHEM offers a full line of Ion Exchange Resins (cation, anion, mixed bed & selectives) with applicability in household & industrial softening, boiler feedwater, food & beverage, electronics, and wastewater treatment. IonPlus TM ion exchange resins are produced under ISO 9002 certification.
IDS Emergency Management | IDS Water | IDS Publishing / Media | IDS Healthcare Management | IDS Packaging | IDS Plastics | IDS Power/Energy
Industry IDS, Inc. – Online Tradeshow, Exhibition, & Buyers Guide Solutions
